61
3. The geosphere
www
The use of rocks
53.
Explain which rocks provide the following building
materials:
54.
Why are coal and petroleum referred to as fossil fuels?
55.
What is sandpaper? Explain why it is not made of
fragments of gypsum or talc.
56.
Copy and complete the table in your notebook for
the following rocks: petroleum, chalk, limestone,
clay and coal.
57.
Research how concrete and bricks are made. Make
a diagram.
Extraction of minerals and rocks
58.
Complete the sentences in your notebook.
a)
The rocks extracted from ….. are cut into blocks.
b)
….. are horizontal tunnels in underground mines.
c)
….. is sediment that is usually extracted in or near large
riverbeds.
59.
Explain the meaning of the terms
deposit
and
mine
.
60.
Find out what a
slag heap
is. What environmental
problems do they cause?
61.
Discuss this statement: ‘New generation mobile
telephones are made of stone’.
Rock
Use
Objects created with it
...
...
...
a)
glass
c)
cement
e)
brick
b)
concrete
d)
lime
f)
tile
STUDY SKILLS
❚
Create your own summary of the unit using
the
Key concepts
. Add any other important
information.
❚
Copy the following diagram in your
notebook and add the missing information
to create a conceptual map of the unit.
Slow but sure
In Chihuahua, Mexico, giant crystals were found in the
caveofNaica. Theyaremega-crystalsof selenite (avariety
of gypsum). For years, the Spanish investigator Juan
Manuel García has been studying how fast they grow.
Thanks to a special microscope designed by Japanese
engineers, we now know that these formations grow
at the equivalent of one hair every 100 years. However,
their growth has stopped in recent years due to mining
activities to extract minerals from the underground
water that the minerals need to grow.
E
VA
VAN
DEN
B
ERG
National Geographic,
November 2011
(Translated and adapted)
a)
What is the text about?
b)
Can you explain the title?
c)
Why have the crystals stopped growing?
d)
Do you think the growth of these formations can be
observed by any person?
e)
Find out about selenite. Explain why water is
essential for its formation.
READ AND UNDERSTAND SCIENCE
You can record your
summary and listen
to it as many times
as you like to revise.
❚
Create your own scientific glossary. Define the following terms:
quarry, clast, sedimentary basin, deposit, discontinuity,
reef, phytoplankton, fossil, gallery, gangue, geosphere, gravel, magma, metamorphism, mineral, ore, rock, sediment,
seismic wave
. Add any other terms you consider important.
The geosphere
layers
is divided in
is composed of
minerals
rocks
are classified by
are classified by
...
...
...
