3
The Geosphere
122
a)
What is the name of each mineral that composes
granite?
Feldspar, quartz and mica.
b)
Which mineral corresponds to the grams of minerals
above?
Feldspar: 250g of a total of 1000g = 25%
Quartz: 300g of a total of 1000g = 30%
Mica: 450g of a total of 1000g = 45%
51.
On an excursion, Ana found a rock that contained a
plant fossil that lived on Earth millions of years ago.
What type of rock do you think it was? Explain your
answer.
It is a sedimentary rock, it was probably formed on the Earth’s
surface including a plant fossil between the sediments that
originated it.
52.
Which rock forms quartzite after metamorphism? What
size are the grains of the original rock?
The sandstone, with a size above 2mm.
The use of rocks
53.
Explain which rocks provide the following building
materials.
a)
Glass:
sandstone
b)
Concrete:
mixed cement, water, sand and gravel (little
fragments of sedimentary rocks).
c)
Cement:
limestone and clay
d)
Lime:
limestone
e)
Brick:
clay
f)
Tiles:
clay; although there are areas where tiles are made
up by slates and similar materials.
54.
Why are coal and petroleum referred to as fossil fuels?
They are combustible because they produce energy for the
human beings. And they are fossils because they originate
from the remains of living things.
55.
What is sandpaper? Explain why it is not made of
fragments of gypsum or talc.
It is an utensil used in building and DIY made up of a paper
or cardboard in which there are fragments of hard sand stuck
on it. It is used to smooth surfaces and it cannot be made up
of gypsum or talc, because these have a low hardness.
56.
Copy and complete the table in your notebook for the
following rocks: petroleum, chalk, limestone, clay and
coal.
ROCK
USE
OBJECTS CREATED WITH IT
PETROLEUM Combustible
and raw
material
Petrol or diesel and plastics such
as bottles
LIMESTONE Building
Cement
CHALK
Building
Roofs, walls, coating, etc.
CLAY
Building
Bricks
COAL
Combustible Energy source
57.
Research how concrete and bricks are made. Make a
diagram.
For example:
Heating and milling of
limestone and clay.
Mixed with sand,
gravel and water.
Concrete
Milling and
pulverization
of clay.
Mixed with
water and
model.
Oven at high
temperature:
cooking process.
Bricks
Extraction of minerals and rocks
58.
Complete the sentences in your notebook.
a)
The rocks extracted from
quarries
are cut into blocks.
b)
Adits
are horizontal tunnels in underground mines.
c)
Gravel
is a sediment that is usually extracted in or
near large riverbeds.
59.
Explain the meaning of the terms deposit and mine.
A deposit is the place where minerals are found in sufficient
quantity to make extraction economically beneficial while a
mine is the place that is more profitable to explore by human
beings.
60.
Findoutwhat awastedump is andwhat environmental
problems it presents.
A waste dump is a place on the Earth’s surface where
human beings throw rests of building materials such as
bricks, cement, concrete, etc. Those places cause lots of
environmental problems. Living things that used to live in
those places will be moved or destroyed by those rests.
61.
Discuss this statement: ‘New generation mobile
telephones are made of stone.’
The statementmeans that a lot ofmaterials that are used tomake
new generation mobile phones are extracted from the rocks.
READ AND UNDERSTAND SCIENCE
a)
What is the text about?
It is about some giant crystals that were found in the cave of
Naica, Mexico.
b)
Can you explain the title?
The title refers to the velocity to form those crystals.
c)
Why have the crystals stopped growing?
Due to mining activities to extract minerals.
d)
Do you think the growth of these formation can be
observed by any person?
No, because these formations grow at the equivalent of one
hair every 100 years.
e)
Find out about selenite. Explain why water is essential
for its formation.
Selenite is a variety of gypsum made up of hydrated calcium
sulphate, and it needs water during its process to hydrate.
STUDY SKILLS
Open answer
CONSOLIDATION
