Glossary
1
Population
average:
the typical amount of something
decrease:
reduce the size or amount of something
emigrant:
a person who leaves his or her country to
live in another country
ethnic group:
a group of people that have a
common language and culture
fertility rate:
the average number of children in
each family
immigrant:
a person who comes to live in a country
from another country
increase:
become bigger in size or amount
migration:
the movement of people into, out of and
around countries in general
unemployment:
the number of people that don’t
have a job
2
The economy
consumer:
a person that buys products
crops:
plants that are grown on farms to produce
food products
irrigation:
the process of watering crops
livestock:
animals that are raised on farms to
produce meat or dairy products
mine:
a place where rocks and minerals are
extracted from under the ground
primary sector:
the economic sector that produces
raw materials from nature
quarry:
a place where stone is extracted from the
surface of the ground
secondary sector:
the economic sector that
transforms raw materials into manufactured
products
tertiary sector:
the economic sector that sells
consumer products and provides services
3
Tertiary sector
advertise:
inform people about a product or service,
and encourage them to buy it
civil servant:
a person who works for the
government
currency:
the money used in a particular country,
for example the euro is Spain’s currency.
lorry:
a large vehicle that is used to transport heavy
or large products
retail:
the selling of products or services to
consumers
skilled:
describes a job that requires special training
speciality shop:
a shop that sells one type of
product
trade:
buy and sell products to make money
4
Money and business
bonds:
a form of investing money in the
government
budget:
the amount of money we have to spend on
something
cash:
coins or banknotes
coupon:
a ticket for a discount or special o er
interest:
money the bank pays if we have money in
a savings account; also money we have to pay to
the bank if we use a credit card
invest:
buy something with the objective of making
money, such as shares or bonds
lend:
give someone money which must be paid
back later on
save:
keep money; opposite of spend
shares:
a form of investing money in a company
spend:
use money to buy something; opposite of
save
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